What are Wi-Fi Modules?
A Wi-Fi module is a device that provides wireless connectivity over Wi-Fi protocols. Wi-Fi Modules use the IEEE 802.11 protocol to provide high speed communication over short ranges for several various applications like smart devices, home automation, portable computers, smartphones, smart watches, audio devices etc. The modules usually consist of a transceiver, an MCU and an antenna along with other components. Currently, Wi-Fi uses 3 Bands - 2.4 GHz, 5 GHz and 6 GHz. There are modules that support a single band, two bands or all three bands.
Important Parameters to Consider when Looking for a Wi-Fi Module:
Supported Wi-Fi Bands: The bands (2.4, 5 or 6 GHz) supported by the Wi-Fi module will determine the data transfer speed and 802.11 protocol version it can support.
MIMO Tx/Rx modes: Wi-Fi now supports simultaneous transmission/reception from multiple antennas, for instance: 2x2 (2T2R) MIMO means that the Wi-Fi module can use 2 separate transmission/reception channels simultaneously. MIMO modes are available in 2x2, 3x3 or 4x4 variations which refer to the number of streams (two, three or four) created by the module.
Data Rate: This is the maximum speed at which the Wi-Fi module can transmit and receive data. Wi-Fi modules can deliver high data rates of up to several gigabits per second (Gbps).
Range: This is the maximum distance up to which a Wi-Fi module can transmit and receive wireless signals.
Interfaces: The Wi-Fi module is connected to the device via an interface. It may support several interfaces through which the module can be controlled.
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