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Radio Frequency Interference (RFI) refers to any unwanted electromagnetic signal that disrupts the reception of radio signals. It is the conduction or radiation of radio frequency energy that causes an electronic or electrical device to produce noise that typically interferes with the function of an adjacent device. Radio frequency interference can disrupt and disturb the normal functioning of electronic and electrical devices, and thus it is important to limit it when possible. In satellites, RFI due to radio astronomy can disrupt their normal functionality.
Radio frequency interference is emitted by most electronic and electrical devices like switching power relays, industrial controls, medical instrumentation, electronic printers, personal computers, laptops, game consoles, computing devices, etc. These devices can emit electromagnetic signals that can interfere with radio communications. There are two ways by which an electronic or electrical device emits radio frequency interference:
Other common sources of RFI include wireless networks, microwave ovens, and other radio transmitters. In the case of satellite communications, radio frequency interference can happen naturally as well as intentionally. Different forms of space weather, including solar storms, can cause natural radio frequency interference, whereas man-made interference is considered intentional radio frequency interference.
RFI can have a number of negative effects on radio communications. It can cause problems for a wide range of radio communications systems, including AM/FM radio, television, mobile phones, Wi-Fi, and other wireless devices. The most obvious effect of RFI is reduced signal quality. This can result in distortion, static, and other problems that can make it difficult to hear or understand the broadcast. In some cases, RFI can even completely block a signal, making it impossible to receive.
Reducing the Impact of Radio Frequency Interference
There are several strategies for reducing the impact of RFI on radio communications. One of the simplest strategies is to move away from the source of the interference. For example, if one is experiencing RFI from an electrical device, moving the radio further away from the device may be able to reduce the interference.
Another strategy for reducing the impact of RFI is to use shielding. This involves placing a barrier between the source of the interference and the radio receiver. Proper shielding in the enclosure of a device helps in controlling radiated radio frequency interference. For example, if one is experiencing RFI from a nearby wireless network, placing the radio in a metal box or using a shielded cable may be able to reduce interference.
A power line filter can help in controlling conducted radio frequency interference to satisfactory and acceptable levels. In the case of satellite communications, the use of highly directional antennas and strong end filtering can help in solving narrowband radio frequency interference. In the case of broadband interference, modification of the source can help in bringing down the interference. Using high-quality equipment when setting up radio communications systems makes them less likely to be affected by RFI and will generally provide better signal quality overall.
Safety agencies and many government bodies have established norms concerning radio frequency interference and noise emissions. They also have norms and regulations with regard to radio frequency communications. By taking the steps suggested by these agencies and government bodies, one can help ensure that radio communications systems are able to operate effectively and without interference.
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