RF & Microwave Community

Oct 10, 2018

Frequency stability represents the variation of output frequency of a crystal oscillator due to external conditions like temperature variation, voltage variation, output load variation, and frequency aging. Frequency stability is typically expressed in parts per million (ppm) or parts per billion (ppb) which can be represented in the form of frequency (usually in Hz).Parts per Million (ppm): 1 ppm...read more

What is IEEE 802.11aq?

802.11

Editorial Team - everything RF

Sep 20, 2018

IEEE 802.11aq is an amendment to IEEE 802.11, approved in June 2018, that allows discovery of available services in Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs).At the moment, you can not identify the services offered by a wireless network without connecting to it. There is also no way to figure out if your wireless device is compatible with a specific network. The IEEE 802.11aq standard resolves this pro...read more

Understanding the Cellular and LPWAN Landscape for IoT Devices

IoT

Rudy Ramos

Mouser Electronics

When you’re designing an IoT network, you’ve essentially got two choices when it comes to how devices at the ‘edge’ connect to the internet: cellular wireless carriers and low-power wide-area networks (LPWANs). There are multiple LPWAN standards – some proprietary – while in cellular, the focus is on the LTE standard.With wireless carriers and LPWAN providers charging for every device connected to...read more

SMA Connectors

Connectors

Editorial Team - everything RF

Sep 3, 2018

SMA Connectors are 50 Ohm RF Coaxial connectors that operate up to a 18 GHz. These connectors have screw type coupling mechanism which minimizes reflections and attenuation by ensuring uniform contact. SMA connectors are one of the most used RF connectors. They are used in a wide range of applications including antenna connections for most sub 6 GHz technologies like Wi-Fi and Bluetooth.SMA Connec...read more

CMOS RF/mmWave Technologies Enable the Transformation of IoT Satellite Communications

SATCOM

Cormac O'Sullivan

S3semi

The ongoing and predicted explosive growth in IoT is placing ever increasing demands on connectivity – a recent report by Ericsson predicts that there will be over 20 billion connected things in use globally by 2020. IoT networks rely primarily on Wi-Fi, LTE and, soon, 5G technologies, but satellite communications play an increasingly vital role in “filling in” gaps in coverage, complementing wire...read more

When the IoT boosts athletes’ performances

IoT

Elly Schietse

Qorvo

Athletes have their daily routine, from special training to healthy nutrition, in order to be at their best during competition. Many of them have added Internet of Things applications to their routine. The combination of today’s technology, monitoring of health, fitness and performances, can help to go one step further in results. Want to know more about a day in the life of an athlete, and how th...read more

What is a PLDRO - Phase Locked Dielectric Resonator Oscillator?

Oscillators

A phase-locked dielectric resonator oscillator (PLDRO) is a type of oscillator that is used in millimeter-wave communication systems, where phase noise performance is of utmost importance. As wireless communication systems are advancing, the system manufacturers and service providers are all trying to transmit more data within the limited frequency resources available. To do so, they are using mor...read more

What are Near Field and Far Field Regions of an Antenna?

Antennas RF Basics

Editorial Team - everything RF

May 22, 2018

When a signal from a transmitter is applied to an antenna, it sends out electromagnetic waves in to free space. The EM field characteristics vary as a function of distance from the antenna. They are broadly divided into two regions, the near-field region, and the far field region.The Near Field Region is the region right next to the antenna. It is defined by the following equation:In this region, ...read more

Industrial heating applications look to solid-state devices to improve reliability and effectiveness, and save space

RF Energy

Victor Torres

Ampleon

When it comes to delivering high-power high-frequency RF energy for industrial applications, valves or ‘tube’ devices such as travelling wave tubes (TWTs), klystrons and magnetrons have been the dominant technology for well over 30 years. Over that time there has been little innovation or improvement in the technology and, suffice to say, like most mature technologies, the price is now low. While ...read more

What are the advantages of GaN on Silicon for MMICs?

GaN

The economies of scale made possible by GaN’s propagation into commercial 4G LTE wireless infrastructure can also enable GaN’s migration into the MMICs market, where it can help system designers achieve higher levels of functionality and device integration for next-generation 5G systems.The sheer density of massive MIMO antenna configurations – scaling as high as 256+ transmit and receive elements...read more

ISM Frequency Bands

RF Basics

Editorial Team - everything RF

Apr 24, 2018

ISM stands for Industrial, Scientific and Medical. The ITU (International Telecommunication Union) had originally reserved a portion of the RF spectrum globally for industrial, scientific and medical applications.The use case was followed initially, however over the years, the use of the ISM Bands become more widespread for short-range, low power wireless communications systems likecordless phones...read more

What is a Detector Log Video Amplifier (DLVA)?

Amplifiers

A Detector Logarithmic Video Amplifier (DLVA)consists of a detector followed by a logarithmic video amplifier (LVA). The detector converts the RF energy into a DC voltage which is then amplified by an amplifier with a logarithmic transfer function. A DLVA converts an RF signal with a large dynamic range into a video signal/voltage with a smaller dynamic range. The output voltages can then be displ...read more

How RF Trends in Electronics Are Impacting Connectors

Connectors

Mark Stanley

Epec Engineered Technologies

When it comes to electronics, technology is moving forward at a rapid pace and component manufacturers are trying to keep up. Devices are becoming smaller and more complex, whether it is a smartphone, medical imaging device, or a remote sensor accessing military satellite systems. At the same time, the devices still need to be rugged enough to withstand enormous amounts of wear and tear while offe...read more

5G NR (New Radio) Frequency Bands

Editorial Team - everything RF

Mar 12, 2018

On 21st December 2017, in Lisbon, the 3GPP TSG RAN Plenary Meeting successfully approved first implementable 5G NR specification. The completion of the first 5G NR standard enables the full-scale development of 5G NR for large-scale trials and commercial deployments as early as in 2019. This first specification was completed as part of 3GPP Release 15.As per 3GPP release 15, the frequency bands fo...read more

5G Frequency Bands

Editorial Team - everything RF

Feb 16, 2018

There has been a lot of talk about the frequency spectrum that 5G technology will use. With the first 5G-NR standard officially announced, network operators all over the world are conducting trials with the objective to deploy the technology commercially sometime in the next 2-3 years. Different countries have proposed and are working on different frequency bands that range all the way from 600 MH...read more

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