Basics of Dual Fractional-N Synthesizers/PLLs
The term fractional-N describes a family of synthesizers that allow the minimum frequency step to be a fraction of the reference frequency. Over the years, a number of methods have been proposed to realize fractional-N frequency synthesis that are based on the basic concepts of traditional integer-N synthesis.
Among these methods, three techniques are best known in the industry: fractional divider-based, current injection-based, and ΔΣ modulator-based fractional-N. This White Paper describes these methods and provides a general discussion of the use of fractional-N synthesizers in a low-cost, low-power radio.
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