Next-generation 6G mobile networks will require up to three times more mid-band spectrum than is typically available today to meet surging demand for data, AI-driven services, and advanced digital applications, according to new analysis released by the GSMA, the global association representing the mobile ecosystem.
The new study, Vision 2040: Spectrum for the Future of Mobile Connectivity, provides one of the most comprehensive global assessments of spectrum requirements for the coming 6G era. It concludes that countries will need, on average, 2 to 3 GHz of mid-band spectrum between 2035 and 2040 to support mobile network capacity in the highest-demand urban areas, with some markets requiring 2.5 to 4 GHz.
Designed to guide regulators and policymakers as preparations for large-scale 6G deployments accelerate from 2030, the report comes as governments begin negotiating future mobile bands ahead of the WRC-27 treaty conference hosted by the International Telecommunication Union.
The GSMA warns that without early government action, nations risk slower connectivity, rising network congestion, and lost economic opportunity in the 2030s. Insufficient spectrum could hinder consumer experience, restrict business adoption of new technologies, and weaken digital competitiveness during the global transition to 6G.
John Giusti, Chief Regulatory Officer at the GSMA, said: "This study shows that the 6G era will require three times more mid-band spectrum than is available today. Satisfying these spectrum requirements will support robust and sustainable connectivity, deliver digital ambitions, and help economies grow. I hope this report provides useful insights to governments as they strive to meet the connectivity needs of their citizens in the coming decade."
According to the GSMA forecast for 2040:
- More than 5 billion 6G connections will be in use globally, representing about half of all mobile connections.
- 4G and 5G will remain essential, with roughly 2 billion 4G and 3 billion 5G connections still active.
- Global mobile data traffic may reach up to 3,900 exabytes per month.
- To avoid congestion, nations will need 2-3 GHz of mid-band spectrum by 2035-2040, with at least 2 GHz needed by 2030.
